This article explores the history, legal status, social acceptance, practical considerations, benefits and drawbacks of unmarried couples living together in Japan. Unmarried couples living together has become increasingly more common in Japan over the past decade with approximately 3 million people being part of such a relationship. The legal status of unmarried couples living together is complicated as there is no legal framework that recognizes them as a family unit or provides them with any protection from the law. While attitudes towards unmarried couples have become more accepting, there is still some stigma attached to such relationships due to traditional values. Potential partners should consider all practical considerations before making a decision to live together including rental contracts, insurance policies, taxes and inheritance laws. There are both benefits and drawbacks to living together without being married which should be discussed thoroughly before any decisions are made.