This article explores the history, current trends, and future of Japanese family size to gain a better understanding of how many children Japanese couples usually have. Historically, families were quite large with five or more children in the early 1900s, however this trend has changed due to industrialization and economic factors such as rising costs of living and childcare expenses. Social changes such as increased gender equality and cultural shifts towards marriage and parenthood have also contributed to the decline in family size. Experts predict that birth rates will continue to decline resulting in even smaller household sizes than what we see today.