This article explores the history of Japan's isolationist policy known as sakoku, which was implemented in 1633 and lasted until 1853 when Commodore Perry arrived with a fleet of American ships demanding that Japan open up to foreign trade. The reasons for this policy were to protect Japan from external threats and influences, as well as its economy. The policy had both positive and negative impacts on Japanese society, providing stability but also leading to stagnation in terms of technological development. In the late 19th century, Japan opened up to foreigners which led to increased economic growth, adoption of modern technologies and improved living standards.