This article explores the various types of butterflies found in Japan, the traditional names they are given, and their cultural significance. It discusses the 400 species of butterfly found across Japan, from swallowtails to skippers, and how they are commonly referred to as "chō" (蝶). Additionally, some species may be given specific names depending on their size or coloration. Butterflies have a deep spiritual meaning in Japanese culture, being associated with transformation and renewal due to their metamorphic life cycle. Conservation efforts are being made throughout Japan to protect endangered species such as the Japanese yellow swallowtail and Asian painted lady.