This article explores the history and current status of single motherhood in Japan, looking at the economic, social and political issues that affect Japanese single mothers. Despite increasing acceptance of single motherhood, many still face economic hardship due to low wages or lack of employment opportunities, as well as social challenges such as stigma from society and difficulty finding childcare services. There are organizations providing support services for Japanese single mothers, as well as government policies aimed at helping improve their lives. With continued effort from both private organizations and government policies, an environment can be created where all families can thrive regardless of marital status.