This article examines the issue of child trafficking in Japan, exploring its causes, effects, and initiatives taken by government agencies, international organizations, and civil society organizations to combat it. It discusses poverty, gender inequality, lack of education opportunities and access to services as contributing factors to the prevalence of child trafficking. The impacts on Japanese society are devastating both on an individual level and on a larger societal level. In response, the Japanese government has passed legislation such as the Anti-Human Trafficking Law and established special units dedicated to combating human trafficking crimes throughout Japan. International organizations such as UNICEF have also been working closely with Japanese authorities since 2011 when they launched their “Stop Human Trafficking” campaign. Civil society initiatives such as Polaris Project Japan (PPJ) have also been involved in various initiatives aimed at helping victims and combating perpetrators.