This article explores the cultural and legal factors that influence whether wives take their husbands’ last name in Japan. While historically women did not change their names, after World War II, the government encouraged the practice to promote family unity and traditional values. Even though it is no longer legally required, many Japanese women still feel pressure to take their husband’s last name due to cultural expectations. However, in recent years there has been a growing trend of women keeping their maiden names after marriage as a way to maintain their professional identities and independence. The article also discusses alternative approaches to name changes, legal considerations for international couples, mixed opinions from men, the impact on children, alternatives to last name changes, and the role of feminism in name changes. Ultimately, each couple should make the decision based on what feels right for them.