This article examines the history, prevalence, and cultural and medical significance of circumcision in Japan. It is estimated that only 2% of adult males undergo the procedure each year, and it is primarily for medical reasons such as phimosis or balanitis treatment. There are both pros and cons associated with Japanese men being circumcised, including reduced risks associated with certain medical conditions, improved hygiene and sexual performance, but also risks associated with any surgical procedure including infection, pain, bleeding, scarring and damage to surrounding tissue. Ultimately it comes down to personal preference.