Japan has strict and heavily regulated laws around firearm ownership. Firearms were introduced to Japan in the 16th century by Portuguese traders, but the government began restricting their use and ownership. Only individuals who meet strict criteria are allowed to own firearms, including passing a written exam, shooting test, and background check. Only certain types of firearms are allowed for civilian use, such as shotguns, air rifles, and handguns with specific purposes. The penalties for illegal firearms possession in Japan are severe, with up to 10 years in prison and fines of up to $90,000 USD. Japan has one of the lowest rates of gun violence in the world due to its strict regulations and cultural emphasis on peace and non-violence. However, there is still debate around relaxing gun laws in Japan. Global events such as mass shootings in other countries have led to increased scrutiny around gun laws in Japan.