This article explores the history, prevalence, religious/cultural significance, health benefits and risks associated with circumcision in Japan. Circumcision has been practiced in Japan since ancient times as part of a coming-of-age ritual for young boys and is still practiced in certain parts of the country today. However, it is relatively rare compared to other countries around the world with only 4% of Japanese men aged 20-39 reporting being circumcised at some point during their lifetime. Potential health benefits include decreased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs), improved hygiene, decreased risk for penile cancer and reduced risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Risks and complications associated with circumcision include infection from bacteria on unclean instruments used during surgery or improper healing due to inadequate postoperative care leading to excessive bleeding or pain when urinating afterwards.