This article explores the history of nuclear weapons in Japan, its current nuclear capabilities, and the debate over whether it should possess such weapons. It is one of only five countries in the world that have not declared itself a nuclear weapon state under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Some experts believe that Japan has been secretly researching and developing its own nuclear capabilities since then, with an extensive stockpile of plutonium and uranium as well as advanced centrifuge technology capable of producing highly enriched uranium (HEU). The debate over whether or not Japan should develop its own nuclear arsenal is an ongoing one among experts both inside and outside of Japan. If Japan were to acquire its own nuclear arsenal, it could potentially spark an arms race between regional powers, lead to increased tensions between Tokyo and Beijing, and cause other countries around the world to seek out their own nukes. Ultimately, the decision rests with people in Tokyo.