Vaping with nicotine is illegal in Japan, and those caught doing so could face severe penalties. E-cigarettes are regulated as medical devices under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law, meaning only nicotine-free liquids are allowed to be sold in the country. While possessing e-liquids containing nicotine is not technically illegal, it is still considered a violation of Japanese law and could result in a fine of up to ￥300,000 (approximately $2,900). The government takes a cautious approach towards regulating e-cigarettes and will likely continue to do so until more studies are conducted on their long-term health effects.