This article explores the issue of false convictions in Japan's criminal justice system, including causes, impact on society, and recent changes to reduce the number. It is suggested that around 5-10% of Japanese prisoners may be innocent due to a lack of reliable data. Causes of false convictions include incorrect identification by witnesses or victims, mistakes made by police officers during investigations, flawed forensic evidence, prosecutorial misconduct and ineffective defense counsel. Recent changes have been made to reduce the number of wrongful convictions such as introducing new rules regarding interrogation techniques used by police officers and allowing appeals for defendants who feel they have been wrongfully convicted.