This article explores the history of Japan's discovery and how it has evolved over time. It examines the earliest known inhabitants, the Jomon people, who lived in the region more than 30,000 years ago and the Yayoi period which marked a shift to agricultural societies. It is widely accepted that the first documented discovery of Japan was by Chinese explorer Zhang Qian in 2nd century BCE. There was also significant influence from both China and Korea on Japanese culture during this time. The arrival of Portuguese traders in 1543 CE brought with it firearms and Christianity which resulted in social upheaval and increased literacy rates. Japan has been shaped by influences from many cultures resulting in a unique blend of traditions today.