Japanese men work longer hours than other countries in the world, with an average of 2,124 hours per year according to a survey by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). This is significantly higher than the OECD average of 38.3 hours per week and much higher than the European Union's recommended limit. Factors contributing to this phenomenon include cultural norms emphasizing hard work, lack of flexibility when it comes to scheduling options, and lack incentives from employers. Companies and the government have taken measures such as introducing flexible schedules and legislation limiting overtime in order to improve employee wellbeing and productivity levels.