Japan is an ancient country with a history of over 35,000 years. It has been home to many different cultures and civilizations, each leaving its own unique mark on the nation. This article explores the long and rich history of Japan from the Jomon period (14,000 – 300 BC) to the Meiji Restoration in 1868 which marked the beginning of Modern Japan. Today it is one of the most advanced nations in Asia with a rich cultural heritage that continues to evolve.