Japan and Russia have a complicated history, with periods of cooperation and conflict. In recent years, economic ties and shared security concerns have become increasingly important in their relationship. Japan has invested billions in Russian energy projects, while Russia is one of Japan's major suppliers of crude oil and liquefied natural gas. The territorial dispute over the Kuril Islands remains a significant obstacle to closer relations, but diplomatic efforts continue. Cultural exchanges and humanitarian cooperation also promote mutual understanding between the two countries. To improve relations, Japan should continue its diplomatic efforts while exploring new areas of cooperation and addressing Russian concerns about its security relationship with the United States.