Kaisen is a Japanese business philosophy that focuses on making small, incremental changes to processes and practices with the aim of improving efficiency and productivity over time. It was first introduced by Sakichi Toyoda in the 1930s as part of his Toyota Production System (TPS). Kaisen involves identifying areas for improvement within an organization and then implementing changes to increase efficiency and productivity, such as streamlining processes or introducing new technologies or systems. Benefits of Kaisen include reduced costs associated with major transformations while still achieving significant results in terms of improved performance and cost savings. Examples of Kaisen in practice include Toyota Motor Corporation's implementation of TPS and Amazon's warehouse operations. Challenges associated with implementing Kaisen include resistance from employees and difficulty maintaining momentum.