This article discusses the current retirement age in Japan, social security system, government policies impacting it, benefits for the elderly population, and challenges faced by the elderly population. The official retirement age in Japan is 65 years old for both men and women with an early retirement option available to those who have worked at least 25 years and are between 60-65 years old. The Japanese government has taken several measures to encourage people to stay employed beyond the official retirement age of 65 years old such as raising pension benefits and providing tax incentives for businesses that hire older workers. The social security system provides a range of benefits including health insurance, pensions, unemployment insurance and other forms of welfare assistance. Despite these advantages offered by the government’s social security system, there are still some challenges faced by the elderly population in Japan such as poverty due to low levels of savings or inadequate pensions; difficulty accessing healthcare services; difficulty finding employment after retiring; lack of access to adequate housing; mental health issues caused by loneliness or