This article explores the history of Japanese agriculture, the types of crops grown in Japan, and the advantages and disadvantages of growing food domestically. It highlights how rice remains one of the most important crops grown in Japan today, with other major crops including wheat, barley, soybeans, sweet potatoes, and various vegetables. Challenges to growing food in Japan include limited land resources available due to small islands such as Honshu or Hokkaido where much of Japan's population resides. Government support for farmers includes subsidies for fertilizer purchases and research grants for new technologies or practices that can improve yields or reduce costs associated with farming operations. Climate change has had a significant impact on Japanese agriculture over recent years but climate-smart agricultural practices can help mitigate these effects while also providing additional sources of income through diversified production systems.