This article examines the relationship between Japan and the Soviet Union during World War II, exploring whether Japan was afraid of the Soviet Union. It looks at Japanese fear of Soviet expansionism, the influence of the Soviets on Japanese foreign policy, Japan's response to perceived aggression from the Soviets, and its military buildup in response. It also discusses Japanese-Soviet relations during WWII and after, as well as how the Cold War impacted their relationship. Ultimately it appears that while there may have been some fear on both sides regarding each other’s intentions, neither side viewed each other as an immediate threat or felt that war between them was likely anytime soon during this period.