This article examines the debate surrounding Japan's ability to maintain a military since World War II. It discusses the San Francisco Peace Treaty, Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution, Japan's modern Self Defense Force, its US-Japan Security Alliance, and its role in international peacekeeping operations. Public opinion polls suggest that most people are opposed to revising Article 9 to allow for an official military again. Arguments for and against allowing Japan to have a military again are also discussed.